Researchers at The University of Adelaide have devised two energy-efficient systems that utilize urea from urine and wastewater to produce green hydrogen. These systems present a promising pathway to economically generate green hydrogen, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based hydrogen production. The traditional method of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen is energy-intensive and costly. In contrast, the urea-based electrolysis systems developed by the researchers require significantly less energy. By overcoming limitations such as low hydrogen extraction amounts and the generation of toxic nitrogenous by-products, these systems can produce green hydrogen at a cost comparable to or cheaper than grey hydrogen. The team has innovatively utilized urine as an alternative source to pure urea, with the aim of reducing costs while maintaining a carbon-neutral process. Their systems produce harmless nitrogen gas instead of toxic by-products, and are more energy-efficient, requiring 20-27% less electricity. The researchers are focusing on developing non-precious metal catalysts to further enhance green hydrogen production from urine and wastewater, aiming to achieve cost-effective recovery of green hydrogen while also remediating nitrogenous waste in aquatic environments.