The Future of Hydrogen in Automotive Industry: Hopes, Challenges, and Infrastructure
Key Ideas
  • Despite lower sales compared to BEVs, manufacturers like BMW see potential in hydrogen fuel cell cars, with plans for production by 2028.
  • Hydrogen infrastructure remains a challenge globally, with fewer refueling stations compared to BEV charging stations, hindering FCEV adoption.
  • Advocates argue for investing in both BEVs and FCEVs infrastructure to lower overall costs and address concerns like resource scarcity and consumer preferences.
  • Projects like HyHAUL in the UK aim to kickstart hydrogen infrastructure by targeting the long-haul commercial sector before expanding to broader networks.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars, while having been on the market for a similar duration as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), have seen significantly lower sales. In 2024, there were 12,866 FCEVs registered globally compared to 10.8 million BEVs. However, manufacturers like BMW and Toyota remain optimistic about the future of hydrogen in transport. BMW has announced plans to start series production of its first FCEV in 2028, while Toyota has been a leading seller of FCEVs with their Mirai model since 2014. One major challenge facing FCEVs is the lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. While BEV charging stations have proliferated, hydrogen refueling stations have decreased in numbers in many countries. Advocates suggest that investing in both BEV and FCEV infrastructure could lower overall costs and provide a more resilient approach to decarbonizing road transport. Concerns about resource usage in manufacturing BEVs, such as raw material scarcity, have also been raised. BMW emphasizes the importance of having multiple technologies to cater to different consumer preferences and operational conditions. However, the high cost of hydrogen stations remains a barrier, with solutions like the UK's HyHAUL project focusing on the commercial sector to kickstart infrastructure development. For widespread consumer adoption of FCEVs, substantial infrastructure development is crucial. Automakers face the challenge of balancing vehicle production with infrastructure establishment, a situation that has favored BEVs in many markets. Despite these obstacles, Toyota remains committed to providing customers with diverse technological choices, highlighting the ongoing effort to establish hydrogen as a viable option in the automotive industry.
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