Seaports are essential nodes in global supply chains, but their operations, which heavily rely on heavy fuel oil for port machinery, contribute significantly to carbon emissions and environmental issues. To address this, seaport enterprises are focusing on transitioning to green terminals by adopting cleaner energy sources. The shift towards low-carbon seaport operations has led to a research focus on the energy transition of yard cranes, with hydrogen energy emerging as a key strategic choice for accelerating energy transition and reducing emissions. The development of hydrogen-powered yard cranes has shown significant emission reduction effects in pilot applications, like Qingdao Port's initiative. However, investing in hydrogen-powered yard cranes comes with various uncertainty factors that need to be considered to ensure economic benefits and mitigate risks. To address the limitations of existing investment decision models, a new multi-factor real options model has been developed, integrating factors such as hydrogen price fluctuations, carbon price dynamics, and technology maturity progression. This model offers a more dynamic and practical tool for making optimal investment decisions in port development, considering multiple uncertainty factors and providing strategic options at each decision point.