In response to global energy crises and environmental concerns, hydrogen production through water electrolysis has emerged as a critical area of research. Specifically, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a popular method for hydrogen production but faces challenges such as high energy consumption and costs. Membrane separators play a crucial role in AWE technology, and efforts are being made to enhance their efficiency and reduce production costs. One of the main separators used in AWE is the polyphenylene sulfide fabric separator, but its hydrophobic nature leads to high area resistance and energy consumption. Researchers are exploring various modifications, including incorporating hydrophilic nanomaterials like ZrO2 and TiO2 to improve its performance. However, challenges like poor gas tightness and safety hazards persist. To overcome these limitations, composite membrane separators with nanostructured inorganic materials are being developed. These materials form a stronger bond with the organic framework, enhancing mechanical performance and safety. Polysulfone (PSU) is a key polymer used in these composite membranes, with pore-forming agents like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) regulating the microporous structure. PVP not only influences the pore structure but also enhances hydrophilicity, reducing area resistance. The research highlights the importance of developing advanced membrane separators for AWE hydrogen production. By focusing on nanostructured inorganic materials and optimizing pore-forming agents, researchers aim to overcome the challenges associated with current separators and improve the efficiency and safety of hydrogen production through water electrolysis.