The National Railway Administration in China has introduced regulations promoting the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell systems in aging railway diesel locomotives to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions. By incorporating hydrogen technology, the railway system aims to achieve zero-carbon operation and drive a comprehensive shift towards hydrogen energy applications. Hydrogen-powered locomotives offer significant advantages over traditional diesel locomotives, including zero-carbon operation, extended driving range, and adaptability to diverse geographical environments. The introduction of hydrogen refueling stations can enhance economic efficiency by sharing infrastructure with other hydrogen-powered vehicles, expanding market applications, and reducing construction costs. This move towards hydrogen-powered locomotives not only improves environmental sustainability and reduces carbon emissions but also reshapes the energy transportation landscape by expanding the range of hydrogen energy transportation through the railway system, marking a significant step towards a broader national transportation energy revolution.