India and the European Union have initiated two research and innovation initiatives focusing on Marine Plastic Litter (MPL) and Waste to Green Hydrogen (W2GH) under the India-EU Trade and Technology Council. With a joint investment of approximately Rs 391 crore, these programs aim to tackle critical environmental challenges. The collaborations, co-funded by Horizon Europe and the Government of India, aim to address marine pollution and sustainable energy solutions. The marine pollution research will focus on combating plastic litter that threatens biodiversity and human health. On the other hand, the waste-to-green hydrogen technology research aims to convert biogenic waste into hydrogen, aligning with global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The initiatives are in line with international commitments such as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, the EU's Zero Pollution Action Plan, and India's National Marine Litter Policy and National Green Hydrogen Mission. By bringing together the expertise of Indian and European researchers, these initiatives are expected to drive innovation, promote circular economy principles, and enhance energy efficiency. The programs underscore the importance of collective action in addressing marine pollution and developing advanced tools to protect marine ecosystems, while also contributing to global sustainability goals.