Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have garnered attention as next-generation power sources due to their high energy density and efficiency. The gas diffusion layer (GDL) within a PEMFC is crucial for conducting heat and electrons, enabling gas transport, and managing water effectively during operation. Enhancing the electrical conductivity of GDL components like the gas diffusion nonwoven carbon paper (GDNCP) and microporous layer (MPL) is essential for improving overall cell performance. Various strategies have been explored, including incorporating conducting polymers like poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), graphene modifications, and carbon nanotubes to reduce area-specific resistance (ASR) and enhance conductivity. Additionally, optimizing the composition of MPL by using graphene, carbon black, or multi-walled carbon nanotubes has shown promising results in improving fuel cell performance under different humidity conditions. However, the use of fluoropolymers as binders in GDL components can introduce contact resistance and affect the overall conductivity of the fuel cell. Managing the fluoropolymer content is crucial to prevent performance degradation. Overall, advancements in material enhancements and process optimizations are crucial for realizing the full potential of PEMFC in the transition towards clean energy.