The National Railway Administration in China has introduced new regulations to renovate aging railway diesel locomotives by incorporating power systems like hydrogen fuel cells. This marks a significant shift towards hydrogen energy applications in the railway sector, promoting low-carbon and zero-carbon power innovation. Hydrogen-powered locomotives offer zero-carbon operation, reduce emissions significantly, and provide strong driving range and payload capacities, making them suitable for long-haul freight transportation. The use of hydrogen-powered locomotives eliminates the need for fixed power grids, making them adaptable to regions with weak power infrastructure. By utilizing locally produced renewable energy for hydrogen production, a closed-loop system can be achieved, reducing costs associated with electricity transmission. Additionally, the shared use of hydrogen refueling stations with other hydrogen-powered vehicles can enhance economic efficiency and market expansion. The application of hydrogen energy systems in railways not only reduces reliance on fossil fuels but also reshapes the energy transportation landscape. It promotes carbon reduction, quality improvement, and optimized energy use, driving a transportation revolution and enhancing energy security. The introduction of hydrogen-powered locomotives signifies a pivotal step in transforming the railway system towards sustainable and environmentally friendly operations.