Researchers from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation and the University of Adelaide have introduced two energy-efficient systems that utilize urea in urine and wastewater to create hydrogen. These systems aim to offer a sustainable and cost-effective method for generating 'green' hydrogen, providing a renewable energy source while potentially remediating nitrogenous waste in aquatic environments. Unlike the energy-intensive process of water electrolysis for hydrogen production, these systems significantly reduce energy consumption. By using urine as an alternative source to pure urea, the research team has addressed the limitations faced by existing urea-based methods. The innovative electrolysis systems produce harmless nitrogen gas instead of toxic by-products, enhancing overall efficiency and competitiveness against grey hydrogen production. The development of these systems, as detailed in two separate research papers, offers a promising pathway towards economically viable green hydrogen production. Future research will focus on refining the systems further by developing carbon-supported, non-precious metal catalysts for membrane-free urine-wastewater systems, aiming to achieve even lower costs and improve environmental sustainability in hydrogen production.